Handbook bibliography

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Chapter 1: The rewards of farming for nature

Askew, J. (2023). Climate change is affecting what foods can be grown in the UK: This farmer is adapting. euronews. Retrieved 31 May 2024 from https://www.euronews.com/green/2023/01/11/climate-change-is-affecting-what-foods-can-be-grown-in-the-uk-this-farmer-is-adapting

Benbrook, C., Zhao, X., Yáñez, J., Davies, N., & Andrews, P. (2008). New evidence confirms the nutritional superiority of plant-based organic foods. In: The Organic Centre.

Bernacchia, R., Preti, R., & Vinci, G. (2016). Organic and conventional foods: differences in nutrients. Italian Journal of Food Science, 28(4).

Boatman, N. D., Parry, H. R., Bishop, J. D., & Cuthbertson, A. G. (2007). Impacts of agricultural change on farmland biodiversity in the UK. Issues in Environmental Science and Technology. No. 25. Biodiversity under Threat, 1-32.

Brandt, K., & Mølgaard, J. P. (2001). Organic agriculture: does it enhance or reduce the nutritional value of plant foods? Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 81(9), 924-931.

Brigance, C., Soto Mas, F., Sanchez, V., & Handal, A. J. (2018). The mental health of the organic farmer: psychosocial and contextual actors. Workplace Health & Safety, 66(12), 606-616.

Brozova, I. (2010). Economic profit of organic farmers in the Czech Republic. Agricultural economics (Praha), 56(5), 243-248. https://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/pdfs/age/2010/05/06.pdf

Bullock, C., Kretsch, C., & Candon, E. (2007). The economic and social aspects of biodiversity: benefits and costs of biodiversity in Ireland. Report prepared for Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government. Dublin: The Stationery Office. Retrieved from https://www.optimize.ie/wp-content/uploads/Biod-part11.pdf

Cai, A., Xu, M., Wang, B., Zhang, W., Liang, G., Hou, E., & Luo, Y. (2019). Manure acts as a better fertilizer for increasing crop yields than synthetic fertilizer does by improving soil fertility. Soil and Tillage research, 189, 168-175.

Carlin, C., Cormican, M., & Gormally, M. (2016). Health benefits from biodiversity and green infastructure (195). Environmental Protection Agency.

Chappell, M. J., & LaValle, L. A. (2011). Food security and biodiversity: can we have both? An agroecological analysis. Agriculture and Human Values, 28, 3-26.

Coyne, M. S., & Mikkelsen, R. (2015). Soil microorganisms contribute to plant nutrition and root health. Better Crops, 99, 18-20.

David, L., Dambrun, M., Harrington, R., Streith, M., & Michaud, A. (2021). Psychological and physical health of organic and conventional farmers: A review. Sustainability, 13(20), 11384.

Deegan, D., Fingleton, E., McEvoy, J. J., & Quigley, K. (2023). Nurturing mental health and well-being using ordinary farms. Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy, 51(1), 1-5.

Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine. (2022). Agri Climate Rural Environment Scheme (ACRES): Frequently Asked Questions. Tranche 1. https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.gov.ie/236840/7726eeac-69f0-4038-9754-814109f77d3a.pdf#page=null

Dillon, E. J., Hennessy, T., Buckley, C., Donnellan, T., Hanrahan, K., Moran, B., & Ryan, M. (2014, 9 – 11 April). The sustainable intensification of the Irish dairy sector. 88th Annual Conference of the Agricultural Economics Society, AgroParisTech, Paris, France.

Dillon, P., Roche, J. R., Shalloo, L., & Horan, B. (2005, June-July). Optimising financial return from grazing in temperate pastures. XX International Grassland Congress Proceedings, Ireland and UK.

Environmental Protection Agency. (2024). What impact will climate change have on Ireland? Retrieved 31 May 2024 from https://www.epa.ie/environment-and-you/climate-change/what-impact-will-climate-change-have-for-ireland/

Farming for Nature. (n.d.). Practical ways to take climate action and enhance biodiversity on your farm.

Garibaldi, L. A., Gemmill-Herren, B., D’Annolfo, R., Graeub, B. E., Cunningham, S. A., & Breeze, T. D. (2017). Farming approaches for greater biodiversity, livelihoods, and food security. Trends in ecology & evolution, 32(1), 68-80.

Gosnell, H., Grimm, K., & Goldstein, B. E. (2020). A half century of Holistic Management: what does the evidence reveal? Agriculture and Human Values, 37(3), 849-867.

Hennessy, T., Buckley, C., Dillon, E., Donnellan, T., Hanrahan, K., Moran, B., & Ryan, M. (2013). Measuring Farm Level Sustainability with the Teagasc National Farm Survey. Agricultural Economics & Farm Surveys Department, Rural Economy and Development Programme, Teagasc.

Kamihiro, S., Stergiadis, S., Leifert, C., Eyre, M., & Butler, G. (2015). Meat quality and health implications of organic and conventional beef production. Meat Science, 100, 306-318.

Kirschenmann, F. L. (2007). Potential for a new generation of biodiversity in agroecosystems of the future. Agronomy Journal, 99(2), 373-376.

McCarthy, M., O’Reilly, S., O’Sullivan, A., & Guerin, P. (2007). An investigation into the determinants of commitment to organic farming in Ireland. Journal of Farm Management, 13(2), 135-152.

Met Éireann. (2023). 2022: Provisionally Ireland’s Warmest Year on Record. Retrieved 31 May 2024 from https://www.met.ie/2022-provisionally-irelands-warmest-year-on-record

Mouysset, L., Doyen, L., Jiguet, F., Allaire, G., & Leger, F. (2011). Bio economic modeling for a sustainable management of biodiversity in agricultural lands. Ecological Economics, 70(4), 617-626.

Nature Friendly Farming Network. (n.d.). Rethink Farming: A Practical Guide for Farming, Nature & Climate.

Norton, L., Maskell, L., McVittie, A., Smith, L., Wagner, M., Waterton, C., & Watson, C. (2022). Learning from innovative practitioners: Evidence for the sustainability and resilience of pasture fed livestock systems. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6, 1012691.

Norton, L. R., Maskell, L. C., Wagner, M., Wood, C. M., Pinder, A. P., & Brentegani, M. (2022). Can pasture‐fed livestock farming practices improve the ecological condition of grassland in Great Britain? Ecological Solutions and Evidence, 3(4), e12191.

O’Brien, O., Owens, S., Stanton, A., Allman, J., Browne, S., Cox, J., Fitzgerald, R., Harrington, J., Morrissey, J., & Tierney, A. (2023). Fixing food together: transitioning Ireland to a healthy sustainable food system–Climate and Health Alliance position paper. European Journal of Public Health, 33(Supplement_2).

O’Donnell, C. (2020). Heydon announces €8 million in research grants for bioeconomy. Agriland. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://www.agriland.ie/farming-news/heydon-announces-e8-million-in-research-grants-for-bioeconomy/

O’Rourke, F., Byrne, C., & Smith, G. (2023). Land Use Evidence Review. Phase 1 Synthesis Report. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.gov.ie/246678/989cae78-87c1-49ab-99d7-7e02192de089.pdf#page=null

Ostfeld, R. S. (2017). Biodiversity loss and the ecology of infectious disease. The Lancet Planetary Health, 1(1), e2-e3.

Peigné, J., Casagrande, M., Payet, V., David, C., Sans, F. X., Blanco-Moreno, J. M., Cooper, J., Gascoyne, K., Antichi, D., & Bàrberi, P. (2016). How organic farmers practice conservation agriculture in Europe. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 31(1), 72-85.

Prescott, S. L., & Logan, A. C. (2019). Planetary health: from the wellspring of holistic medicine to personal and public health imperative. Explore, 15(2), 98-106.

Prescott, S. L., Wegienka, G., Logan, A. C., & Katz, D. L. (2018). Dysbiotic drift and biopsychosocial medicine: how the microbiome links personal, public and planetary health. BioPsychoSocial medicine, 12, 1-12.

Rois-Díaz, M., Lovric, N., Lovric, M., Ferreiro-Domínguez, N., Mosquera-Losada, M., Den Herder, M., Graves, A., Palma, J. H., Paulo, J., & Pisanelli, A. (2018). Farmers’ reasoning behind the uptake of agroforestry practices: evidence from multiple case-studies across Europe. Agroforestry Systems, 92, 811-828.

Romanelli, C., Cooper, D., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Maiero, M., Karesh, W. B., Hunter, D., & Golden, C. D. (2015). Connecting global priorities: biodiversity and human health: a state of knowledge review. World Health Organistion & Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Rural Resource Development, & Clare County Council. (2008). The Living Farmland: a guide to farming with nature in Clare. Rural Resource Development.

Ryan, M., Hennessy, T., Buckley, C., Dillon, E. J., Donnellan, T., Hanrahan, K., & Moran, B. (2016). Developing farm-level sustainability indicators for Ireland using the Teagasc National Farm Survey. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 55(2), 112-125.

Sandifer, P. A., Sutton-Grier, A. E., & Ward, B. P. (2015). Exploring connections among nature, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health and well-being: Opportunities to enhance health and biodiversity conservation. Ecosystem services, 12, 1-15.

Saxby, H., Gkartzios, M., & Scott, K. (2018). ‘Farming on the edge’: wellbeing and participation in agri‐environmental schemes. Sociologia Ruralis, 58(2), 392-411.

Schmeller, D. S., Courchamp, F., & Killeen, G. (2020). Biodiversity loss, emerging pathogens and human health risks. Biodiversity and Conservation, 29, 3095-3102.

Smart Farming. (2013). 8: Machinery. A Guide to Help Improve Farm Returns with Better Resource Management. Smart Farming. Retrieved 30 May 2024 from https://smartfarming.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Farm-Machinery.pdf

Smith, R. K., Dicks, L. V., & Sutherland, W. J. (2015). Conservation Evidence: Evidence to improve practice. Scientific evidence to address priority knowledge needs for sustainable agriculture. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Seaton, F. M., Griffiths, R. I., Goodall, T., Lebron, I., & Norton, L. R. (2023). Soil bacterial and fungal communities show within field heterogeneity that varies by land management and distance metric. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 177, 108920.

Shepherd, M., Pearce, B., Cormack, B., Philipps, L., Cuttle, S., Bhogal, A., Costigan, P., & Unwin, R. (2003). An assessment of the environmental impacts of organic farming. A review for DEFRA-funded Project OF0405.

Smart Farming. (2013). 7: Time management. A Guide to Help Improve Farm Returns with Better Resource Management. Smart Farming. Retrieved 17 May 2024 from https://smartfarming.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Time-March-2021.pdf

Sustainable Diets and Biodiversity: Directions and Solutions for Policy, Research and Action. (3-5 November 2010). Proceedings of the International Scientific Symposium: Biodiversity and Sustainable Diets United against Hunger, Rome.

Talukder, B., Ganguli, N., Matthew, R., Hipel, K. W., & Orbinski, J. (2022). Climate change-accelerated ocean biodiversity loss & associated planetary health impacts. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 6, 100114.

Thomas, D. (2007). The mineral depletion of foods available to us as a nation (1940–2002)–a review of the 6th Edition of McCance and Widdowson. Nutrition and health, 19(1-2), 21-55.

Van der Ploeg, J. D., Barjolle, D., Bruil, J., Brunori, G., Madureira, L. M. C., Dessein, J., Drąg, Z., Fink-Kessler, A., Gasselin, P., de Molina, M. G., Gorlach, K., Jürgens, K., Kinsella, J., Kirwan, J., Knickel, K., Lucas, V., Marsden, T., Maye, D., Migliorini, P., Milone, P., Noe, E., Nowak, P., Parrott, N., Peeters, A., Rossi, A., Schermer, M., Ventura, F., Visser, M., Wezel, A. (2019). The economic potential of agroecology: Empirical evidence from Europe. Journal of rural studies, 71, 46-61.

Van Rensburg, T. M., & Mulugeta, E. (2016). Profit efficiency and habitat biodiversity: The case of upland livestock farmers in Ireland. Land Use Policy, 54, 200-211.

Vishnubhotla, V. (2024). Mapped: Impact of Climate Change on European Countries. GreenMatch. Retrieved 31 May 2024 from https://www.greenmatch.co.uk/blog/2019/04/climate-change-europe

Wagner, M., Waterton, C., & Norton, L. R. (2023). Mob grazing: a Nature-based solution for British farms producing pasture-fed livestock. Nature-Based Solutions, 3, 100054.

Wall, D. H., Nielsen, U. N., & Six, J. (2015). Soil biodiversity and human health. Nature, 528(7580), 69-76.

Zhu, Y.-G., Zhao, Y., Zhu, D., Gillings, M., Penuelas, J., Ok, Y. S., Capon, A., & Banwart, S. (2019). Soil biota, antimicrobial resistance and planetary health. Environment International, 131, 105059.

Chapter 2: How to get started: understanding nature on your land

Aguillón-Gutiérrez, D. (2019). Amphibians as biological indicators. Advances in Animal Science and Zoology, 14.

air-quality.org.uk. (n.d.). Air Quality and Lichens. Retrieved 17 May 2024 from https://air-quality.org.uk/19.php

Air Pollution Information System. (2016). Impacts of air pollution on Lichens and Bryophytes (mosses and liverworts). Retrieved 17 May 2024 from https://www.apis.ac.uk/impacts-air-pollution-lichens-and-bryophytes-mosses-and-liverworts

Alexander, S., & Teagasc. (2020). Illustrated Guide to Horticultural Weeds. Horticultural Development Department, Teagasc.

Amat, J. A., & Green, A. J. (2010). Waterbirds as Bioindicators of Environmental Conditions. Conservation monitoring in freshwater habitats: A practical guide and case studies, 45-52.

Askham, B. (2020). Nature and pollution: what lichens tell us about toxic air. Natural History Museum. Retrieved 17 May 2024 from https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/nature-and-pollution-what-lichens-tell-us-about-toxic-air.html

Chowdhury, S., Dubey, V. K., Choudhury, S., Das, A., Jeengar, D., Sujatha, B., Kumar, A., Kumar, N., Semwal, A., & Kumar, V. (2023). Insects as bioindicator: A hidden gem for environmental monitoring. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11.

Cole, L. J., McCracken, D. I., Downie, I. S., Dennis, P., Foster, G. N., Waterhouse, T., Murphy, K. J., Griffin, A. L., & Kennedy, M. P. (2005). Comparing the effects of farming practices on ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and spider (Araneae) assemblages of Scottish farmland. Biodiversity & Conservation, 14, 441-460.

Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine. (2020, 7 May 2024). Crops- Control of Noxious Weeds. Ragwort Information sheet. Retrieved 17 May 2024 from https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.gov.ie/100834/320d710b-a3e9-47f0-86aa-8954b35233a3.pdf#page=null

Dierauer, H., Kranzler, A., & Ebert, U. (2016). Creeping Thistle: Successful control in organic farming (F. Regli, Trans.; 1 ed.). Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL and Organic Research Centre.

Fahy, K. (2020). Controlling Docks. Teagasc. Retrieved 17 May 2024 from https://www.teagasc.ie/publications/2020/controlling-docks.php

Farming for Nature. (n.d.). Indicator species – free agri-monitoring tools for your farm! Farming for Nature. Retrieved 17 May 2024 from https://www.farmingfornature.ie/indictor-species/

Marc, P., Canard, A., & Ysnel, F. (1999). Spiders (Araneae) useful for pest limitation and bioindication. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 74(1-3), 229-273.

Maughan, C., & Amos, D. (2021). Weeds as Bioindicators: A Farmer’s Field Guide (A. Hackett, Ed.). Pearl Moss Press.

McMahon, B. J., Anderson, A., Carnus, T., Helden, A. J., Kelly-Quinn, M., Maki, A., Sheridan, H., & Purvis, G. (2012). Different bioindicators measured at different spatial scales vary in their response to agricultural intensity. Ecological indicators, 18, 676-683.

Morelli, F., Jerzak, L., & Tryjanowski, P. (2014). Birds as useful indicators of high nature value (HNV) farmland in Central Italy. Ecological indicators, 38, 236-242.

nee Fitzpatrick, M. H. (2015). Habitats plants and invertebrates as tools for rapid identification of High Nature Value farmland. [School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway].

Nithyatharani, R., & Kavitha, U. (2018). Termite soil as bio-indicator of soil fertility. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 6(1), 659-661.

O’Connor, A. (2016). Be a Winner Alright when Controlling Rushes. Teagasc. Retrieved 17 May 2024 from https://www.teagasc.ie/media/website/publications/2016/Control-of-Rushes-22072016.pdf

O’Brien, P., & Giaquinto, F. (2021). Plant identification key for the Results-based Environment-Agri Pilot Programme. In REAP (Ed.). Wexford, Ireland. Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine.

Paoletti, M. G., D’Incà, A., Tonin, E., Tonon, S., Migliorini, C., Petruzzelli, G., Pezzarossa, B., Gomiero, T., & Sommaggio, D. (2009). Soil invertebrates as bio-indicators in a natural area converted from agricultural use: the case study of Vallevecchia-Lugugnana in north-eastern Italy. Journal of sustainable Agriculture, 34(1), 38-56.

Park, K. J. (2015). Mitigating the impacts of agriculture on biodiversity: bats and their potential role as bioindicators. Mammalian Biology, 80(3), 191-204.

Ruas, S., Rotchés-Ribalta, R., Ahmed, K. D., Gormally, M., Stout, J. C., White, B., & Moran, J. (2021). Selecting appropriate plant indicator species for Result-Based Agri-Environment Payments schemes. Ecological indicators, 126, 107679.

Russo, D., Salinas-Ramos, V. B., Cistrone, L., Smeraldo, S., Bosso, L., & Ancillotto, L. (2021). Do we need to use bats as bioindicators? Biology, 10(8), 693.

Sewell, D., & Griffiths, R. A. (2009). Can a single amphibian species be a good biodiversity indicator? Diversity, 1(2), 102-117.

Smith, G. F., O’Donoghue, P., O’Hora, K., & Delaney, E. (2011). Best practice guidance for habitat survey and mapping. The Heritage Council, Kilkenny, Ireland.

Smith, R. K., Jennings, N. V., Robinson, A., & Harris, S. (2004). Conservation of European hares Lepus europaeus in Britain: is increasing habitat heterogeneity in farmland the answer? Journal of Applied Ecology, 41(6), 1092-1102.

Stein-Bachinger, K., Gottwald, F., Haub, A., & Schmidt, E. (2021). To what extent does organic farming promote species richness and abundance in temperate climates? A review. Organic Agriculture, 11(1), 1-12.

Sweetser, R. (2024). What Weeds Tell You About Your Soil, Using Weeds to Read the Soil. The Old Farmer’s Almanac. Retrieved 17 May 2024 from https://www.almanac.com/what-weeds-tell-you-about-your-soil

Tryjanowski, P., & Morelli, F. (2015). Presence of cuckoo reliably indicates high bird diversity: a case study in a farmland area. Ecological indicators, 55, 52-58.

Wright, H., Ashpole, J., Dicks, L., Hutchison, J., & Sutherland, W. (2013). Enhancing natural pest control as an ecosystem service. Evidence for the effects of selected actions. University of Cambridge, Cambridge.

Chapter 3: Soil: the foundation of farming

Adetunji, A. T., Ncube, B., Mulidzi, R., & Lewu, F. B. (2020). Management impact and benefit of cover crops on soil quality: A review. Soil and Tillage research, 204, 104717.

Aziz, I., Ashraf, M., Mahmood, T., & Islam, K. (2011). Crop rotation impact on soil quality. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(2), 949-960.

Baltic Sea Project, Unesco, Swedish National Agency for School Improvement, & Eliasson, P. (2004). Learning from Environmental History in the Baltic Countries (1 ed.). Swedish National Agency for School Improvement in cooperation with UNESCO and the School of Teacher Education, Malmö University.

Barneze, A. S., Whitaker, J., McNamara, N. P., & Ostle, N. J. (2020). Legumes increase grassland productivity with no effect on nitrous oxide emissions. Plant and soil, 446(1), 163-177.

Batey, T. (2009). Soil compaction and soil management–a review. Soil use and management, 25(4), 335-345.

Biodynamic Agriculture Association of Ireland. (n.d.). Biodynamic Farms. Biodynamic Agriculture. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://www.biodynamicagriculture.ie/biodynamic-farm-locations/

Buckwell, A., Nadeu, E., & Williams, A. (2022). Sustainable Agricultural Soil Management: What’s stopping it? How can it be enabled? RISE Foundation.

Connolly, R. (2020). Silvopasture: a sustainable method to improve soil quality and productivity on farms in the North-West region of Ireland. [Research Project Thesis, Dundalk Institute of Technology]. https://eprints.dkit.ie/id/eprint/770

Coyne, M. S., & Mikkelsen, R. (2015). Soil microorganisms contribute to plant nutrition and root health. Better Crops, 99, 18-20.

Curran Cournane, F., McDowell, R. W., Littlejohn, R. P., Houlbrooke, D. J., & Condron, L. M. (2011). Is mechanical soil aeration a strategy to alleviate soil compaction and decrease phosphorus and suspended sediment losses from irrigated and rain‐fed cattle‐grazed pastures?. Soil Use and Management, 27(3), 376-384.

Dai, Y., Zhang, N., Xing, C., Cui, Q., & Sun, Q. (2019). The adsorption, regeneration and engineering applications of biochar for removal organic pollutants: a review. Chemosphere, 223, 12-27.

Demeter. (n.d.). Demeter Certification. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://demeter.net/certification/

Dorrough, J., Moxham, C., Turner, V., & Sutter, G. (2006). Soil phosphorus and tree cover modify the effects of livestock grazing on plant species richness in Australian grassy woodland. Biological Conservation, 130(3), 394-405.

Dowhower, S. L., Teague, W. R., Casey, K. D., & Daniel, R. (2020). Soil greenhouse gas emissions as impacted by soil moisture and temperature under continuous and holistic planned grazing in native tallgrass prairie. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 287, 106647.

Drewry, J., Cameron, K., & Buchan, G. (2008). Pasture yield and soil physical property responses to soil compaction from treading and grazing—a review. Soil Research, 46(3), 237-256.

Farm Carbon Toolkit. (2021). Demystifying farm carbon offsetting: three watch-outs for farmers. Retrieved 26 June 2024 from https://farmcarbontoolkit.org.uk/2021/08/12/demystifying-farm-carbon-offsetting/

Gosnell, H., Grimm, K., & Goldstein, B. E. (2020). A half century of Holistic Management: what does the evidence reveal? Agriculture and Human Values, 37(3), 849-867.

Hartwig, N. L., & Ammon, H. U. (2002). Cover crops and living mulches. Weed science, 50(6), 688-699.

Kaspar, T., & Singer, J. (2011). Chapter 21: The use of cover crops to manage soil. In J. L. Hatfield & T. J. Sauer (Eds.), Soil management: Building a stable base for agriculture (pp. 321-337).

Koudahe, K., Allen, S. C., & Djaman, K. (2022). Critical review of the impact of cover crops on soil properties. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 10(3), 343-354.

Licht, M. A., & Al-Kaisi, M. (2005). Strip-tillage effect on seedbed soil temperature and other soil physical properties. Soil and Tillage research, 80(1-2), 233-249.

Lüscher, A., Mueller-Harvey, I., Soussana, J.-F., Rees, R. M., & Peyraud, J.-L. (2013, 23-26 June). Potential of legume-based grassland-livestock systems in Europe. 17th Symposium of the European Grassland Federation (EGF), Akureyri, Iceland.

Lüscher, A., Mueller‐Harvey, I., Soussana, J.-F., Rees, R., & Peyraud, J.-L. (2014). Potential of legume‐based grassland–livestock systems in Europe: a review. Grass and forage science, 69(2), 206-228.

McAdam, J., Short, I., & Hoppe, G. (2006). Opportunities for silvopastoral systems in Ireland. Proceedings of an IUFRO 3.08 Conference, Galway, Ireland.

Mulder, C., Jumpponen, A., Högberg, P., & Huss-Danell, K. (2002). How plant diversity and legumes affect nitrogen dynamics in experimental grassland communities. Oecologia, 133, 412-421.

Mungla, G., Facknath, S., & Lalljee, B. (2022). Assessing the potential of mechanical aeration in soil phytoremediation. Specialusis Ugdymas, 2(43), 248-258.

Organic crop production: ambitions and limitations. (2008). (H. Kirchmann & L. Bergström, Eds.). Springer.

Pirhofer-Walzl, K., Rasmussen, J., Høgh-Jensen, H., Eriksen, J., Søegaard, K., & Rasmussen, J. (2012). Nitrogen transfer from forage legumes to nine neighbouring plants in a multi-species grassland. Plant and soil, 350, 71-84.

Salahin, N., Jahiruddin, M., Islam, M. R., Alam, M. K., Haque, M. E., Ahmed, S., Baazeem, A., Hadifa, A., El Sabagh, A., & Bell, R. W. (2021). Establishment of crops under minimal soil disturbance and crop residue retention in rice-based cropping system: Yield advantage, soil health improvement, and economic benefit. Land, 10(6), 581.

Shah, A. N., Tanveer, M., Shahzad, B., Yang, G., Fahad, S., Ali, S., Bukhari, M. A., Tung, S. A., Hafeez, A., & Souliyanonh, B. (2017). Soil compaction effects on soil health and cropproductivity: an overview. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 10056-10067.

Shaheb, M. R., Venkatesh, R., & Shearer, S. A. (2021). A review on the effect of soil compaction and its management for sustainable crop production. Journal of Biosystems Engineering, 46, 417-439.

Smart Farming. (2021). Soil Fertility Guidance 2021. Smart Farming. Retrieved 05 June 2024 from https://smartfarming.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/IFA-SmartFarming-Soil-A4-May21-v6.pdf

Soane, B. D., Ball, B. C., Arvidsson, J., Basch, G., Moreno, F., & Roger-Estrade, J. (2012). No-till in northern, western and south-western Europe: A review of problems and opportunities for crop production and the environment. Soil and Tillage research, 118, 66-87.

Spehn, E., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Hector, A., Caldeira, M., Dimitrakopoulos, P., Finn, J., Jumpponen, A., O’donnovan, G., Pereira, J., Schulze, E.-D., Troumbis, A. Y., & Korner, C. (2002). The role of legumes as a component of biodiversity in a cross‐European study of grassland biomass nitrogen. Oikos, 98(2), 205-218.

Torrez, V., Ceulemans, T., Mergeay, J., De Meester, L., & Honnay, O. (2016). Effects of adding an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum and of distance to donor sites on plant species recolonization following topsoil removal. Applied Vegetation Science, 19(1), 7-19.

Yergeau, S., & Wootton, L. (2019). Preliminary response of soils to decompaction with rotary aeration. Ecological Restoration, 37(1), 5-7.

Wei, X., Reich, P. B., & Hobbie, S. E. (2019). Legumes regulate grassland soil N cycling and its response to variation in species diversity and N supply but not CO2. Global change biology, 25(7), 2396-2409.

Chapter 4: Grassland systems

Atkin-Willoughby, J., Hollick, S., Pritchard, C. E., Williams, A. P., Davies, P. L., Jones, D., & Smith, A. R. (2022). Microclimate drives shelter-seeking behaviour in lambing ewes. Forests, 13(12), 2133.

BirdWatch Ireland. (2024). Corncrake. BirdWatch Ireland. Retrieved 31 May 2024 from https://birdwatchireland.ie/birds/corncrake/

Boatman, N. D., Stoate, C., & Watts, P. N. (2000). Practical management solutions for birds on lowland arable farmland. Ecology and Conservation of Lowland Farmland Birds, 105-114.

Brennan, R. B., Healy, M. G., Fenton, O., & Lanigan, G. J. (2015). The effect of chemical amendments used for phosphorus abatement on greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from dairy cattle slurry: Synergies and pollution swapping. PLoS One, 10(6), e0111965.

Brys, R., & Jacquemyn, H. (2009). Biological flora of the British Isles: Primula veris L. Journal of Ecology, 97(3), 581-600.

Brys, R., Jacquemyn, H., Endels, P., De Blust, G., & Hermy, M. (2005). Effect of habitat deterioration on population dynamics and extinction risks in a previously common perennial. Conservation Biology, 19(5), 1633-1643.

Collins, R., Mcleod, M., Hedley, M., Donnison, A., Close, M., Hanly, J., Horne, D., Ross, C., Davies‐Colley, R., Bagshaw, C., & Matthews, L. (2007). Best management practices to mitigate faecal contamination by livestock of New Zealand waters. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50(2), 267-278.

Conaghan, J., Hamilton, J., Cole, E., & Pierce, S. (2021). BSBI Ireland Annex I Grassland Resources, Molinia meadows (EU Habitats Directive code 6410). In: BSBI, NPWS, CEDaR.

Copland, A. S., Crowe, O., Wilson, M. W., & O’Halloran, J. (2012). Habitat associations of Eurasian Skylarks Alauda arvensis breeding on Irish farmland and implications for agri-environment planning. Bird Study, 59(2), 155-165.

Crockford, N., Green, R., Rocamora, G., Schäffer, N., Stowe, T., & Williams, G. (1997). A summary of the European Action Plan for the Corncrake Crex crex. VOGELWELT 118, 169-174.

Crosson, P. (2022). Effect of slaughter age on GHG emissions & economic performance. Food Vision Beef Group Meeting, Teagasc.

Curry, J. P., Doherty, P., Purvis, G., & Schmidt, O. (2008). Relationships between earthworm populations and management intensity in cattle-grazed pastures in Ireland. Applied Soil Ecology, 39(1), 58-64.

Dairy Industry Ireland. (n.d.). Economics and social, Irish Dairy Industry Economic & Social Snapshot. Retrieved 16 May 2024 from https://www.ibec.ie/dairyindustryireland/our-dairy-story/economics-and-social#:~:text=94%25%20of%20Irish%20dairy%20product,largest%20%26%20most%20successful%20native%20industry.

Deckers, B., Kerselaers, E., Gulinck, H., Muys, B., & Hermy, M. (2005). Long-term spatio-temporal dynamics of a hedgerow network landscape in Flanders, Belgium. Environmental conservation, 32(1), 20-29.

Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine. (2020, 12 Jan 2024). Organic Farming. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/fc7c8-organic-farming/

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (n.d.). National Land Cover Map. Retrieved 23 June 2024 from https://www.epa.ie/our-services/monitoring–assessment/assessment/mapping/national-land-cover-map

Ford, H., Healey, J. R., Webb, B., Pagella, T. F., & Smith, A. R. (2021). Hedgerow effects on CO2 emissions are regulated by soil type and season: implications for carbon flux dynamics in livestock-grazed pasture. Geoderma, 382, 114697.

Forrestal, P., Somers, C., Plunkett, M., Wall, D., & O’Dwyer, T. (n.d.). Protected urea: what is it, does it work, and is it cost effective? In: Teagasc, Agriculture and Food Development Authority.

Fraser, M. D., Moorby, J. M., Vale, J. E., & Evans, D. M. (2014). Mixed grazing systems benefit both upland biodiversity and livestock production. PLoS One, 9(2), e89054.

Hamilton, J., Cole, E., Pierce, S., & Conaghan, J. (2021). BSBI Ireland Annex I Grassland Resources. Semi-natural dry grasslands on calcareous substrates (EU Habitats Directive Code 6210/*6210) [*important orchid sites]. In: BSBI, NPWS, CEDaR.

Holden, J., Grayson, R., Berdeni, D., Bird, S., Chapman, P., Edmondson, J., Firbank, L., Helgason, T., Hodson, M. E., & Hunt, S. (2019). The role of hedgerows in soil functioning within agricultural landscapes. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 273, 1-12.

Hynes, S., & Hanley, N. (2008). The “Crex Crex” Lament: Estimating Landowners Willingness to Pay for Corncrake Conservation on Irish Farmland. In Stirling Economics Discussion Paper 2008-14.

Isselstein, J., Jeangros, B., & Pavlu, V. (2005). Agronomic aspects of biodiversity targeted management of temperate grasslands in Europe–a review. Agronomy research, 3(2), 139-151.

Javeed, H. M. R., Ali, M., Ahmed, I., Wang, X., Al-Ashkar, I., Qamar, R., Ibrahim, A., Habib-Ur-Rahman, M., Ditta, A., & El Sabagh, A. (2021). Biochar enriched with buffalo slurry improved soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics, nutrient uptake and growth attributes of wheat by reducing leaching losses of nutrients. Land, 10(12), 1392.

Martin, P. A., Ockendon, N., Berthinussen, A., Smith, R. K., & Sutherland, W. J. (2021). Grassland Conservation: Global evidence for the effects of selected interventions. Conservation Evidence Series Synopses. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

McAdam, J., Short, I., & Hoppe, G. (2006). Opportunities for silvopastoral systems in Ireland. Proceedings of an IUFRO 3.08 Conference, Galway, Ireland.

McDevitt, A.-M., & Casey, C. (2004). The Corncrake Crex crex in Ireland.

McMahon, B. J., Helden, A., Anderson, A., Sheridan, H., Kinsella, A., & Purvis, G. (2010). Interactions between livestock systems and biodiversity in South-East Ireland. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 139(1-2), 232-238.

Montgomery, I., Caruso, T., & Reid, N. (2020). Hedgerows as ecosystems: service delivery, management, and restoration. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 51, 81-102.

Morris, C. D. (2021). How Biodiversity-Friendly is regenerative grazing? Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 816374.

O’Grady, A., Breen, J., Harrington, T., & Courtney, R. (2013). The seed bank in soil from the nests of grassland ants in a unique limestone grassland community in Ireland. Ecological engineering, 61, 58-64.

O’Neill, F.H., Martin, J.R., Devaney, F.M. & Perrin, P.M. (2013) The Irish semi-natural grasslands survey 2007-2012. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 78. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland.

Pedersen, K. (2020). Ethical ‘cow-with-calf’ dairy targets premium market. Farmers Weekly. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://www.fwi.co.uk/livestock/dairy/ethical-cow-with-calf-dairy-targets-premium-market

Russo, L., Fitzpatrick, Ú., Larkin, M., Mullen, S., Power, E., Stanley, D., White, C., O’Rourke, A., & Stout, J. C. (2022). Conserving diversity in Irish plant–pollinator networks. Ecology and Evolution, 12(10), e9347.

Samocha, T. M., Patnaik, S., Speed, M., Ali, A. M., Burger, J. M., Almeida, R. V., … & Brock, D. L. (2007). Use of molasses as carbon source in limited discharge nursery and grow-out systems for Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquacultural Engineering, 36(2), 184-191.

Smart Farming. (2021). Grassland Management Guidance 2021: Here are some tips to help you get the most from your grassland. Smart Farming. Retrieved 30 May 2024 from https://smartfarming.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/IFA-SmartFarming-Grassland-A4-Jan21-v7Web.pdf

Smart Farming. (2022). Feeding Guidance 2022: Reduce Feed Costs & the Impact on the Environment. Smart Farming. Retrieved 30 May 2024 from https://smartfarming.ie/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/IFA-SmartFarming-Feed-A4-Nov22-v1Digital.pdf

Soussana, J.-F., & Lemaire, G. (2014). Coupling carbon and nitrogen cycles for environmentally sustainable intensification of grasslands and crop-livestock systems. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 190, 9-17.

Stanley, D. A., & Stout, J. C. (2013). Quantifying the impacts of bioenergy crops on pollinating insect abundance and diversity: a field‐scale evaluation reveals taxon‐specific responses. Journal of Applied Ecology, 50(2), 335-344.

Swards for the Future. (2022, 8-9 September). Swards for the Future Conference Proceedings, Teagasc Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland.

Teagasc, & Pasture Base Ireland. (2017). Grassland Management: Why Measure Grass? Teagasc. Retrieved 31 May 2024 from https://www.teagasc.ie/media/website/crops/grassland/Why-Measure-Grass-Right.pdf

The Fertilizer Association of Ireland, & Teagasc. (2016). Soil pH & Lime, Technical Bulletin Series No. 2. https://www.fertilizer-assoc.ie/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Fert-Assoc-Tech-Bulletin-No.-2-Lime.pdf

Thompson, B. (n.d.). Farmland Biodiversity Blog – Dung Beetles. National Biodiversity Data Centre. https://biodiversityireland.ie/farmland-biodiversity-blog-dung-beetles-by-bruce-thompson/

Van Rensburg, T. M., & Mulugeta, E. (2016). Profit efficiency and habitat biodiversity: The case of upland livestock farmers in Ireland. Land Use Policy, 54, 200-211.

Verdú, J. R., Cortez, V., Ortiz, A. J., González-Rodríguez, E., Martinez-Pinna, J., Lumaret, J.-P., Lobo, J. M., Numa, C., & Sánchez-Piñero, F. (2015). Low doses of ivermectin cause sensory and locomotor disorders in dung beetles. Scientific reports, 5(1), 13912.

Verdú, J. R., Lobo, J. M., Sánchez-Piñero, F., Gallego, B., Numa, C., Lumaret, J.-P., Cortez, V., Ortiz, A. J., Tonelli, M., & García-Teba, J. P. (2018). Ivermectin residues disrupt dung beetle diversity, soil properties and ecosystem functioning: an interdisciplinary field study. Science of the Total Environment, 618, 219-228.

Viaene, J., Peiren, N., Vandamme, D., Lataf, A., Cuypers, A., Jozefczak, M., & Vandecasteele, B. (2023). Biochar amendment to cattle slurry reduces NH3 emissions during storage without risk of higher NH3 emissions after soil application of the solid fraction. Waste Management, 167, 39-45.

Walsh, T., Ryan, P., & Kilroy, J. (1952-1957). A half century of fertiliser and lime use in Ireland. Journal of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland, 104.

Webb, E. (2023). Low Emission Slurry Spreading –Delivering for Farmer and the Environment. Teagasc. Retrieved 31 May 2024 from https://www.teagasc.ie/news–events/daily/environment/low-emission-slurry-spreading-delivering-for-farmer-and-the-environment.php

Winton, C. L., Hegarty, M. J., McMahon, R., Slavov, G. T., McEwan, N. R., Davies‐Morel, M. C., Morgan, C. M., Powell, W., & Nash, D. M. (2013). Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of native mountain ponies of Britain and Ireland reveals a novel rare population. Ecology and Evolution, 3(4), 934-947.

Winton, C. L., McMahon, R., Hegarty, M. J., McEwan, N. R., Davies‐Morel, M. C., Morgan, C., & Nash, D. M. (2020). Genetic diversity within and between British and Irish breeds: the maternal and paternal history of native ponies. Ecology and Evolution, 10(3), 1352-1367.

Younes, A., & Fingerman, K. (2021). Quantification of Dairy Farm Subsidies Under California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard. Version 1.2. Report prepared for: Union of Concerned Scientists, Washington DC. Arcata, CA.

Zimmer, G. F., & Zimmer-Durand, L. (2016). Transitioning to Organic: Strategies for Success. Eco Farming Daily. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://www.ecofarmingdaily.com/farm-management/transitioning-to-organic/transitioning-to-organic-strategies-for-success/

Chapter 5: Arable land

Bartomeus, I., Potts, S. G., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Vaissiere, B. E., Woyciechowski, M., Krewenka, K. M., … & Bommarco, R. (2014). Contribution of insect pollinators to crop yield and quality varies with agricultural intensification. PeerJ, 2, e328.

Berg, Å., & Kvarnbaeck, O. L. L. E. (2011). Density and reproductive success of Skylarks Alauda arvensis on organic farms- an experiment with unsown Skylark plots on autumn sown cereals. Ornis Svecica, 21(1), 3-10.

Bladon, A. J., Smith, R. K., & Sutherland, W. J. (2022). Butterfly and Moth Conservation: Global evidence for the effects of interventions for butterflies and moths. Conservation Evidence Series Synopses. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Boatman, N. D., Stoate, C., & Watts, P. N. (2000). Practical management solutions for birds on lowland arable farmland. Ecology and Conservation of Lowland Farmland Birds, 105-114.

Bommarco, R., Marini, L., & Vaissière, B. E. (2012). Insect pollination enhances seed yield, quality, and market value in oilseed rape. Oecologia, 169, 1025-1032.

Carroll, A., Fitzpatrick, M., & Hodge, S. (2023). The effects of two organic soil amendments, biochar and insect frass fertilizer, on shoot growth of cereal seedlings. Plants, 12(5), 1071.

BIOCHAR Ireland. (n.d.). Welcome to our introduction to BIOCHAR, other activities we are involved in and a range of biorenewable products we have available. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://www.biocharireland.com/

Bond, G., Burnside, N. G., Metcalfe, D. J., Scott, D. M., & Blamire, J. (2005). The effects of land-use and landscape structure on barn owl (Tyto alba) breeding success in southern England, UK. Landscape Ecology, 20, 555-566.

Sheridan, P. (2020) Butterfly Conservation Ireland Annual Report 2020. Retrived 26 June 2024 from https://butterflyconservation.ie/wp/report/butterfly-conservation-ireland-annual-report-2020/

Canton, H. (2021). Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations—FAO. In The Europa directory of international organizations 2021 (pp. 297-305). Routledge.

Colhoun, K., Mawhinney, K., McLaughlin, M., Barnett, C., McDevitt, A. M., Bradbury, R. B., & Peach, W. (2017). Agri-environment scheme enhances breeding populations of some priority farmland birds in Northern Ireland. Bird Study, 64(4), 545-556.

Cottney, P., Williams, P. N., White, E., & Black, L. (2021). The perception and use of cover crops within the island of Ireland. Annals of Applied Biology, 179(1), 34-47.

Crop Rotation. Benefiting farmers, the environment and the economy. (2012). Pesticide Action Network Europe, Friends of the Earth Europe, IFOAM EU Group, and APRODEV.

Dillon, I. A., Morris, A. J., Bailey, C. M., & Uney, G. (2009). Assessing the vegetation response to differing establishment methods of ‘Skylark Plots’ in winter wheat at Grange Farm, Cambridgeshire, England. Conservation Evidence, 6, 89-97.

Finch, D., Moore, P., & Lusby, J. (2022). Breeding densities and habitat associations of Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella in their core range in an arable landscape in east Cork. Irish Birds, 44, 45-54.

Haigh, A., Butler, F., & O’Riordan, R. M. (2012). Intra-and interhabitat differences in hedgehog distribution and potential prey availability. Mammalia, 76(3), 261-268.

Haigh, A., O’Riordan, R. M., & Butler, F. (2013). Habitat selection, philopatry and spatial segregation in rural Irish hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus). Mammalia, 77(2), 163-172.

National Biodiversity Data Centre. (n.d.). Irish Pollinator Monitoring Scheme. Retrieved 26 June 2024 from https://biodiversityireland.ie/irish-pollinator-monitoring-scheme-ipoms/

National Tillage Conference 2007. (2007). Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow.

Khalifa, S. A., Elshafiey, E. H., Shetaia, A. A., El-Wahed, A. A. A., Algethami, A. F., Musharraf, S. G., … & El-Seedi, H. R. (2021). Overview of bee pollination and its economic value for crop production. Insects, 12(8), 688.

Klein, A. M., Vaissière, B. E., Cane, J. H., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Cunningham, S. A., Kremen, C., & Tscharntke, T. (2007). Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops. Proceedings of the royal society B: biological sciences, 274(1608), 303-313.

Kyrkos, A., Wilson, J. D., & Fuller, R. J. (1998). Farmland habitat change and abundance of Yellowhammers Emberiza citrinella: an analysis of Common Birds Census data. Bird Study, 45(2), 232-246.

O’Brien, M., Spillane, C., Meade, C., & Mullins, E. (2008). An insight into the impact of arable farming on Irish biodiversity: a scarcity of studies hinders a rigorous assessment. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 108B(2), 97-108.

Oleszczuk, P., Jośko, I., & Kuśmierz, M. (2013). Biochar properties regarding to contaminants content and ecotoxicological assessment. Journal of hazardous materials, 260, 375-382.

Paull, J., & Hennig, B. (2020). A world map of biodynamic agriculture. Agricultural and Biological Sciences Journal, 6(2), 114-119.

Perrot, T., Bretagnolle, V., Acar, N., Febvret, V., Matejicek, A., Grégoire, S., & Gaba, S. (2024). Bees improve oil quality of oilseed rape. Basic and Applied Ecology, 76, 41-49.

Perrot, T., Gaba, S., Roncoroni, M., Gautier, J. L., & Bretagnolle, V. (2018). Bees increase oilseed rape yield under real field conditions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 266, 39-48.

Porto, R. G., De Almeida, R. F., Cruz-Neto, O., Tabarelli, M., Viana, B. F., Peres, C. A., & Lopes, A. V. (2020). Pollination ecosystem services: A comprehensive review of economic values, research funding and policy actions. Food Security, 12(6), 1425-1442.

Santoni, M., Ferretti, L., Migliorini, P., Vazzana, C., & Pacini, G. C. (2022). A review of scientific research on biodynamic agriculture. Organic Agriculture, 12(3), 373-396.

Schmidt, H. P., Kammann, C., Hagemann, N., Leifeld, J., Bucheli, T. D., Sánchez Monedero, M. A., & Cayuela, M. L. (2021). Biochar in agriculture–A systematic review of 26 global meta‐analyses. GCB Bioenergy, 13(11), 1708-1730.

Schmidt, J. U., Eilers, A., Schimkat, M., Krause-Heiber, J., Timm, A., Nachtigall, W., & Kleber, A. (2017). Effect of Sky Lark plots and additional tramlines on territory densities of the Sky Lark Alauda arvensis in an intensively managed agricultural landscape. Bird Study, 64(1), 1-11.

Smart Farming. (2022). Agri Technology Guidance 2022. Smart Farming. Retrieved 30 May 2024 from https://smartfarming.ie/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Updated-SmartFarming-Tech-Guide-21st-Nov.pdf

Sohi, S. P., Krull, E., Lopez-Capel, E., & Bol, R. (2010). A Review of Biochar and Its Use and Function in Soil. In D. L. Sparks (Ed.), Advances in Agronomy, Vol. 105 (pp. 47-82.). Burlington: Academic Press.

Stoate, C., Szczur, J., & Aebischer, N. J. (2003). Winter use of wild bird cover crops by passerines on farmland in northeast England. Bird Study, 50(1), 15-21.

Verheijen, F., Jeffery, S., Bastos, A. C., van der Velde, M., & Diafas, I. (2009). Biochar Application to Soils: A Critical Scientific Review of Effects on Soil Properties, Processes and Functions. JRC scientific and technical reports.

Wang, J., & Wang, S. (2019). Preparation, modification and environmental application of biochar: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 227, 1002-1022.

Warren, M. S., Maes, D., van Swaay, C. A., Goffart, P., Van Dyck, H., Bourn, N. A., … & Ellis, S. (2021). The decline of butterflies in Europe: Problems, significance, and possible solutions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(2), e2002551117.

Wilson, E., & Wembridge, D. (2018). The state of Britain’s Hedgehogs 2018. People’s Trust for Endangered Species and British Hedgehog Preservation Society.

Xu, P., Gao, Y., Cui, Z., Wu, B., Yan, B., Wang, Y., Zaitongguli, K., Wen, M., Wang, H., Jing, N., Wang, Y., Chao, C., & Xue, W. (2023). Research progress on effects of biochar on soil environment and crop nutrient absorption and utilization. Sustainability, 15(6), 4861.

Chapter 6: Hedgerows and field Boundaries

Blary, C., Kerbiriou, C., Le Viol, I., & Barré, K. (2021). Assessing the importance of field margins for bat species and communities in intensive agricultural landscapes. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 319, 107494.

Boatman, N. D., Stoate, C., & Watts, P. N. (2000). Practical management solutions for birds on lowland arable farmland. Ecology and Conservation of Lowland Farmland Birds, 105-114.

Bottero, I., Hodge, S., & Stout, J. (2021). Taxon-specific temporal shifts in pollinating insects in mass-flowering crops and field margins in Ireland. Journal of Pollination Ecology, 28, 90-107.

Dicks, L. V., Showler, D. A., & Sutherland, W. J. (2010). Bee Conservation: Evidence for the effects of interventions. Synopses of Conservation Evidence Series. Pelagic Publishing, Exeter, UK.

Fay, M. F. (2015). British and Irish orchids in a changing world. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, 32(1), 3-23.

Fennessy, G. J., & Kelly, T. C. (2006). Breeding densities of Robin Erithacus rubecula in different habitats: the importance of hedgerow structure. Bird Study, 53(2), 97-104.

Gelling, M., Macdonald, D. W., & Mathews, F. (2007). Are hedgerows the route to increased farmland small mammal density? Use of hedgerows in British pastoral habitats. Landscape Ecology, 22, 1019-1032.

Graham, L., Gaulton, R., Gerard, F., & Staley, J. T. (2018). The influence of hedgerow structural condition on wildlife habitat provision in farmed landscapes. Biological Conservation, 220, 122-131.

Haigh, A., Butler, F., & O’Riordan, R. M. (2012). Intra-and interhabitat differences in hedgehog distribution and potential prey availability. Mammalia, 76(3), 261-268.

Jacobs, J. H., Clark, S. J., Denholm, I., Goulson, D., Stoate, C., & Osborne, J. L. (2009). Pollination biology of fruit-bearing hedgerow plants and the role of flower-visiting insects in fruit-set. Annals of Botany, 104(7), 1397-1404.

Maudsley, M., Marshall, E., & West, T. (2002). Guidelines for hedge management to improve the conservation value of different types of hedge. Based on results of DEFRA Project BD2102. In DEFRA.

Montgomery, I., Caruso, T., & Reid, N. (2020). Hedgerows as ecosystems: service delivery, management, and restoration. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 51, 81-102.

Montgomery, W. I., Montgomery, S. S., & Reid, N. (2015). Invasive alien species disrupt spatial and temporal ecology and threaten extinction in an insular, small mammal community. Biological Invasions, 17(1), 179-189.

Ruas, S., Rotchés-Ribalta, R., Volpato, A., Gormally, M., White, B., & Moran, J. (2022). Assessing stone walls habitat quality–Which factors affect bryophytes and macrolichens on farmland stone walls in Ireland? Ecological indicators, 139, 108948.

Sullivan, C. A., Finn, J. A., Gormally, M. J., & Skeffington, M. S. (2013). Field boundary habitats and their contribution to the area of semi-natural habitats on lowland farms in east Galway, western Ireland. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 113B(2), 187-199.

Sainsbury, K. A., Morgan, W. H., Watson, M., Rotem, G., Bouskila, A., Smith, R. K., & Sutherland, W. J. (2021). Reptile Conservation: Global evidence for the effects of interventions for reptiles. Conservation Evidence Series Synopses. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Wignall, V. R., Arscott, N. A., Nudds, H. E., Squire, A., Green, T. O., & Ratnieks, F. L. (2020). Thug life: bramble (Rubus fruticosus L. agg.) is a valuable foraging resource for honeybees and diverse flower‐visiting insects. Insect conservation and diversity, 13(6), 543-557.

Chapter 7: Water: wetlands, ponds and rivers

Aldridge, D. C., Aldridge, S. L., Mead, A., Ockendon, N., Rocha, R., Scales, H., Smith, R. K., Zieritz, A., & Sutherland, W. J. (2017). Control of freshwater invasive species: Global evidence for the effects of selected interventions. Synopses of Conservation Evidence. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Allen, D., O’Donnell, M., Nelson, B., Tyner, A., Bond, K. G. M., Bryant, T., Crory, A., Mellon, C., O’Boyle, J., & O’Donnell, E., Rolston, T., Sheppard, R., Strickland, P., Fitzpatrick, U., & Regan, E. (2016). Ireland Red List No. 9: Macro-moths (Lepidoptera). National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Dublin, Ireland.

Bracken, F., McMahon, B. J., & Whelan, J. (2008). Breeding bird populations of Irish peatlands. Bird Study, 55(2), 169-178.

Clapham, S. J. (2011). The Abundance and diversity of small mammals and birds in mature crops of the perennial grasses Miscanthus x giganteus and Phalaris arundinacea grown for biomass energy [PhD Thesis, Cardiff University]. https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/15629/

Colhoun, K., Mawhinney, K., & Peach, W. J. (2015). Population estimates and changes in abundance of breeding waders in Northern Ireland up to 2013. Bird Study, 62(3), 394-403.

Crişan, I., Vidican, R., Oltean, I., Stoie, A., & Stoian, V. (2018). Iris spp. flower visitors: pollinators vs. nectar thieves. Romanian Journal of Grassland and Forage Crops, 17, 11.

Finney, K. (2017). BirdWatch Ireland Reserves Cos Offaly/Galway: The Shannon Callows. In: BirdWatch Ireland.

Floodplain Meadows – Beauty and Utility. A Technical Handbook. (2016). (E. Rothero, S. Lake & D. Gowing. Ed.). Milton Keynes, Floodplain Meadows Partnership.

Freshwater Habitats Trust. (n.d.). Million Ponds Project. Pond Creation Toolkit Sheet 4. Pond design. https://freshwaterhabitats.b-cdn.net/app/uploads/2022/11/pond-design.pdf

Geraghty, K. (2016). A Guide to Irish Fen Habitats. Irish Peatland Conservation Council.

Jacobs, J., Graves, M., & Mangold, J. (2010). Ecology and Management of Yellowflag Iris (Iris pseudacorus L.). United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Jones, K. A. B., O’Connell, P., Wolsey, S., Carrington-Cotton, A., Noble, D. G., McCulloch, N., & Calladine, J. R. (2022). Loss of breeding waders from key lowland grassland sites in Northern Ireland. Irish Birds, 44, 11-22.

Marnell, F. (2013). Chapter 32: Conservation and Declines of Amphibians in Ireland. In H. Heatwole & J. W. Wilkinson (Eds.), Amphibian Biology, Volume 11, Part 3. Status of Conservation and Decline of Amphibians: Eastern Hemisphere: Western Europe. Pelagic Publishing.

Meehan, S. T. (2013). IWT National Smooth Newt Survey 2013 report. Irish Wildlife Trust.

Mulkeen, C. J., Gibson-Brabazon, S., Carlin, C., Williams, C., Healy, M. G., Mackey, P., & Gormally, M. J. (2017). Habitat suitability assessment of constructed wetlands for the smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris [Linnaeus, 1758]): A comparison with natural wetlands. Ecological engineering, 106, 532-540.

National Biodiversity Data Centre. (2018). Irish Vegetation Classification (IVC). Community Synopsis: Carex nigra – Potentilla anserina fen. In: biodiversityireland.ie.

Packer, J. G., Meyerson, L. A., Skálová, H., Pyšek, P., & Kueffer, C. (2017). Biological flora of the British Isles: Phragmites australis. Journal of Ecology, 105(4), 1123-1162.

Smart Farming. (2019). 4: Water. A Guide to Help Improve Farm Returns and Enhance the Environment. Smart Farming. Retrieved 30 May 2024 from https://smartfarming.ie/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/SmartFarming-Water-Management.pdf

Taylor, N. G., Grillas, P., Smith, R. K., & Sutherland, W. J. (2021). Marsh and Swamp Conservation: Global evidence for the effects of interventions to conserve marsh and swamp vegetation. Conservation Evidence Series Synopses. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Chapter 8: Native woodlands and agroforestry

Agra, H. e., Carmel, Y., Smith, R. K., & Ne’eman, G. (2016). Forest Conservation: Global evidence for the effects of interventions. Synopses of Conservation Evidence. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

AgroForestry Research Trust. (n.d.). Silvopasture. Retrieved 23 May 2023 from https://www.agroforestry.co.uk/about-agroforestry/silvopasture/

Barron, C., & Little, D. (2009). The control of rhododendron in native woodlands. Native Woodland Scheme Information Note No. 3. In: Forest Service.

Bavin, S. (2023). How Invasive Non-Native Species Threaten Our Woods. Woodland Trust. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/blog/2023/10/invasive-species/

Blocksdorf, K. (2022). Trees Not to Have in Your Horse Pasture. the Spruce Pets. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://www.thesprucepets.com/safe-trees-for-your-horses-pasture-1886494

Breen, J. (2014). Species dossier, range and distribution data for the Hairy Wood Ant, Formica lugubris, in Ireland. Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 68. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland. .

Brennan, S. (2023). Meath group turns invasive cherry laurel into biofuel. RTE News. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.rte.ie/news/2023/0318/1363792-group-turns-invasive-species-into-biofuel/

Browns’ Family Farmstead. (2023). 13 Common Poisonous Plants for Goats You Need to Know About. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://www.brownsfamilyfarmstead.com/post/poisonous-plants-for-goats

Buckley, D. J. (2021). Observations on two non-native Alder species (Betulaceae) naturalising in Ireland. British & Irish Botany, 3(1), 90-98.

Bullock, C., Hawe, J., & Little, D. (2014). Realising the ecosystem-service value of native woodland in Ireland. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 44.

Burton, V., Moseley, D., Brown, C., Metzger, M. J., & Bellamy, P. (2018). Reviewing the evidence base for the effects of woodland expansion on biodiversity and ecosystem services in the United Kingdom. Forest Ecology and Management, 430, 366-379.

Carey, M., Hamilton, G., Poole, A., & Lawton, C. (2007). The Irish squirrel survey 2007. COFORD Dublin.

Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. (2018). Department of Animal Science – Plants Poisonous to Livestock. Cornell University. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://poisonousplants.ansci.cornell.edu/php/plants.php?action=display&ispecies=cattle

Cross, J. (2012). Ireland’s native woodlands: a summary based on the national survey of native woodlands. Irish Forestry, 69(1&2), 73–95.

Daly, E., McCarthy, N., O’Halloran, J., Irwin, S., & Rathaille, M. Ó. (2014). Effect of forest litter depth on seed germination efficacy of Rhododendron ponticum. Irish Forestry, 71(1&2).

Daniels, T. (2014, 2022). List of Poisonous Plants for Chickens. Poultry Keeper. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://poultrykeeper.com/keeping-chickens/poisonous-plants-chickens/

Edwards, M. E. (1986). Disturbance histories of four Snowdonian woodlands and their relation to Atlantic bryophyte distributions. Biological Conservation, 37(4), 301-320.

Ellis, M. E. (2021). Bad Plants For Cattle – What Plants Are Toxic To Cows. Gardening Know How. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/environmental/what-plants-are-toxic-to-cows.htm

European Commission. (n.d.). Topics. Forests. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/forests_en

Fahy, O., & Gormally, M. (1998). A comparison of plant and carabid beetle communities in an Irish oak woodland with a nearby conifer plantation and clearfelled site. Forest Ecology and Management, 110(1-3), 263-273.

Ferris-Kaan, R., Lonsdale, D., & Winter, T. (1993). The conservation management of deadwood in forests. Research Information Note 241. The Forestry Authority.

Forest Enterprise. (2002). Life in the Deadwood: A Guide to Managing Deadwood in Forestry Commission Forests. Forest Enterprise, an agency of the Forestry Commission.

Forestry Focus. (n.d.). Threats to Forests, Invasive Species. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.forestryfocus.ie/growing-forests-3/threats-to-forests/invasive-species/

Future Forests. (2024). Juglans regia – English Walnut. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://futureforests.ie/products/juglans-regia?_pos=1&_psq=walnut&_ss=e&_v=1.0

Gabriel, S. (2018). Six Key Principles for a Successful Silvopasture. Cornell Small Farms Program. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://smallfarms.cornell.edu/2018/06/six-key-principles-for-a-successful-silvopasture/

Giles, M. (2023). Poisonous to pigs: from bracken to parsnips, the plants to beware of! The Country Smallholder. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://thecountrysmallholder.com/country-smallholding/poisonous-to-pigs-the-plants-to-beware-of/

Goat Owner. (2022). List Of Plants Poisonous To Goats (35 Examples!). Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://goatowner.com/list-of-plants-poisonous-to-goats/

Graham, C. T., Wilson, M. W., Gittings, T., Kelly, T. C., Irwin, S., Sweeney, O. F. M., & O’Halloran, J. (2014). Factors affecting the bird diversity of planted and semi-natural oak forests in Ireland. Bird Study, 61(3), 309-320.

HorseDVM. (2024). Toxic Plant Finder A-Z: Spindle Euonymus europaeus. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://www.horsedvm.com/poisonous/spindletree/

Houlihan, T., & Walsh, R. (2020). Ireland–It‘s native woodland resource. In F. Krumm, A. Schuck, & A. Rigling (Eds.), How to balance forestry and biodiversity conservation – A view across Europe. European Forest Institute (EFI); Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf.

Humphrey, J., & Bailey, S. (2012). Practice Guide: Managing deadwood in forests and woodlands. Forestry Commission.

Irish Wildlife Trust. (2023). Species of the Week: Spindle tree Euonymus europaeus Feoras. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://iwt.ie/species-of-the-week-spindle/

Irwin, S., Kelly, D. L., Kelly, T. C., Mitchell, F. J., Coote, L., Oxbrough, A., Wilson, M. W., Martin, R. D., Moore, K., Sweeney, O., Dietzsch, A. C., & O’Halloran, J. (2013). Do Irish forests provide habitat for species of conservation concern? Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 113B(3), 273-279.

Irwin, S., Pedley, S. M., Coote, L., Dietzsch, A. C., Wilson, M. W., Oxbrough, A., Sweeney, O., Moore, K. M., Martin, R., Kelly, D. L., Mitchell, F. J. G., Kelly, T. C., & O’Halloran, J. (2014). The value of plantation forests for plant, invertebrate and bird diversity and the potential for cross-taxon surrogacy. Biodiversity and Conservation, 23, 697-714.

Jelaska, L. S., Franjevic, D., Jelaska, S. D., & Symondson, W. O. (2014). Prey detection in carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in woodland ecosystems by PCR analysis of gut contents. Eur. J. Entomol, 111(5), 631-638.

Johnson, J. K. (2024). 5 Trees That Shouldn’t Be Planted Near Livestock. Hobby Farms. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://www.hobbyfarms.com/5-trees-that-shouldnt-be-planted-near-livestock/

Johnston, E., Kindermann, G., O’Callaghan, J., Burke, D., McLaughlin, C., Horgan, S., Mc Donnell, R., Williams, C., & Gormally, M. (2017). Monitoring the EU protected Geomalacus maculosus (Kerry Slug): what are the factors affecting catch returns in open and forested habitats? Ecological Research, 32, 95-104.

Jones, G. L., Scullion, J., Worgan, H., & Gwynn-Jones, D. (2019). Litter of the invasive shrub Rhododendron ponticum (Ericaceae) modifies the decomposition rate of native UK woodland litter. Ecological indicators, 107, 105597.

Lawton, C., Hanniffy, R., Molloy, V., Guilfoyle, C., Stinson, M., & Reilly, E. (2020). All-Ireland squirrel and pine marten survey 2019. Irish wildlife manuals, No. 121. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland.

Mag Raollaigh, J. (2023). EU approves €1.3bn forestry programme for Ireland. RTE News. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2023/0802/1397897-forestry-programme/

McAdam, J., & McEvoy, P. (2009). The potential for silvopastoralism to enhance biodiversity on grassland farms in Ireland. Agroforestry in Europe: current status and future prospects, 343-356.

McAdam, J., Short, I., & Hoppe, G. (2006). Opportunities for silvopastoral systems in Ireland. Proceedings of an IUFRO 3.08 Conference, Galway, Ireland.

Mcdonald-Brown, L. (2018). Plants That Are Toxic to Your Pigs: Poisonous plants that can be extremely harmful to your pigs. GRIT. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://www.grit.com/animals/plants-toxic-to-pigs-ze0z1802zmcg/

National Parks & Wildlife Service. (n.d.). Woodlands Research. Woodland Monitoring Survey. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.npws.ie/research-projects/woodlands

O’Brien Horticulture: Professional Tree Care and Landscape. (2012). Pedunculate oak – Dair ghallda – (Quercus robur). Retrieved 23 May 2024 from http://www.treeandlandscape.ie/Tree-A-Z/pedunculate-english-oak-quercus-robur.html

O’Halloran, J., Irwin, S., Kelly, D., Kelly, T., Mitchell, F., Coote, L., Oxbrough, A., Wilson, M., Martin, R., & Moore, K. (2011). Management of biodiversity in a range of Irish forest types. Report for the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.

O’Meara, D. B., McDevitt, A. D., O’Neill, D., Harrington, A. P., Turner, P., Carr, W., Desmond, M., Lawton, C., Marnell, F., & Rubalcava, S. (2018). Retracing the history and planning the future of the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) in Ireland using non-invasive genetics. Mammal Research, 63, 173-184.

Oaks, W. (2022). Are Walnut Trees Bad For Cattle? Farmpertise. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://farmpertise.com/are-walnut-trees-bad-for-cattle/

People’s Millennium Forests, & Coillte. (2002). Our trees: a guide to growing Ireland’s native trees in celebration of a new millennium (Revised and updated ed.). Coillte.

Perrin, P., Martin, J., Barron, S., O’Neill, F., McNutt, K., & Delaney, A. (2008). National Survey of Native Woodlands 2003-2008. A report submitted to the National Parks & Wildlife Service.

Pierce, R. (n.d.). 15 Plants That Are Poisonous to Sheep & Other Toxic Things to Avoid. Morning Chores. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://morningchores.com/plants-that-are-poisonous-to-sheep/

Plant Propagation: How To Propagate and Clone Plants. (n.d.). Protecting Your Flock: Identifying And Managing Plants Toxic To Sheep. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://plantpropagation.org/protecting-your-flock-identifying-and-managing-plants-toxic-to-sheep/#:~:text=Common%20Toxic%20Plants%20for%20Sheep%201%20Oleander%20A,Cherry%20Tree%20Leaves%20…%204%20Bracken%20Fern%20

ProGardenTips. (2024). Are Juniper Berries Poisonous? Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://www.progardentips.com/are-juniper-berries-poisonous/#:~:text=If%20you%20have%20Juniper%20trees%20in%20the%20pasture%2C,of%20toxicity%2C%20and%20most%20chickens%20won%E2%80%99t%20eat%20them.

Protector Cactus. (2017). Plum Plot: A Foray into Silvopasture. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://protectorcactusworld.com/en/plum-plot-a-foray-into-silvopasture/

Roche, J. R., Mitchell, F. J., & Waldren, S. (2009). Plant community ecology of Pinus sylvestris, an extirpated species reintroduced to Ireland. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18, 2185-2203.

Russ, J., & Montgomery, W. (2002). Habitat associations of bats in Northern Ireland: implications for conservation. Biological Conservation, 108(1), 49-58.

Seawright, J. (n.d.). Trees and Large Shrubs. Irish WildFlowers. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.irishwildflowers.ie/more/trees.html

Sheehy, E., & Lawton, C. (2014). Population crash in an invasive species following the recovery of a native predator: the case of the American grey squirrel and the European pine marten in Ireland. Biodiversity and Conservation, 23, 753-774.

Smith, G. F., Gittings, T., Wilson, M., French, L., Oxbrough, A., O’Donoghue, S., O’Halloran, J., Kelly, D. L., Mitchell, F. J., & Kelly, T. (2009). Identifying practical indicators of biodiversity for stand-level management of plantation forests. Plantation Forests and Biodiversity: Oxymoron or Opportunity?, 67-91.

Sweeney, O. F. M., Wilson, M. W., Irwin, S., Kelly, T. C., & O’Halloran, J. (2010). Are bird density, species richness and community structure similar between native woodlands and non-native plantations in an area with a generalist bird fauna? Biodiversity and Conservation, 19, 2329-2342.

Teagasc, & Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine. (2020). A Forest to Suit Every Farm: Farm Forest Owner Profiles. https://www.teagasc.ie/media/website/crops/forestry/advice/A-Forest-to-Suit-Every-Farm—Owner-Profiles.pdf

The British Horse Society. (2023). Poisonous plants to horses. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.bhs.org.uk/horse-care-and-welfare/health-care-management/pasture-management/poisonous-plants/

The Ohio State University. (2021). Poisonous Plants to Livestock. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://u.osu.edu/sheep/2021/04/13/need-to-do-a-new-write-up-no-toxic-plants/

Tree Council of Ireland. (2024). Native Irish Trees: Ireland’s Native Irish Trees and Shrubs. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.treecouncil.ie/native-irish-trees

Uhl, B., Krah, F.-S., Baldrian, P., Brandl, R., Hagge, J., Müller, J., Thorn, S., Vojtech, T., & Bässler, C. (2022). Snags, logs, stumps, and microclimate as tools optimizing deadwood enrichment for forest biodiversity. Biological Conservation, 270, 109569.

VEON Forestry, Ecology, and Environment. (2022). Tree Table for Urban Planning. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.veon.ie/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Veon-Tree-Table-for-Urban-Planting.pdf

Vincent Wildlife Trust. (2020). A guide to identifying evidence of pine martens. https://www.vwt.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Evidence-of-Pine-MartensJune2020Webversion.pdf

Woodland Trust. (n.d.). Aspen (Populus tremula). Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/trees-woods-and-wildlife/british-trees/a-z-of-british-trees/aspen/

Chapter 9: Peatlands: uplands and lowlands

Averis, A., Averis, B., Birks, J., Horsfield, D., Thompson, D., & Yeo, M. (2014). An Illustrated Guide to British Upland Vegetation. Pelagic Publishing.

Baude, M., Kunin, W., Boatman, N., Conyers, S., Davies, N., Gillespie, M., Morton, R., Smart, S., & Memmott, J. (2016). Historical nectar assessment reveals the fall and rise of Britain in bloom. Nature, 530(7588), 85-88.

Beadle, J. M., Brown, L. E., & Holden, J. (2015). Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in natural bog pools and those created by rewetting schemes. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 2(2), 65-84.

Bromwell, P. (2021). Goats deployed in unique conservation project in Howth. RTE News. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.rte.ie/news/2021/0908/1245299-goats-deployed-in-unique-conservation-project-in-howth/

Calvey’s Achill Mountain Lamb. (2024). Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://calveysachillmountainlamb.ie/

Cole, S., & Waller, M. (2020). Britain’s Orchids: A Field Guide to the Orchids of Great Britain and Ireland (Vol. 43). Princeton University Press.

Connolly, J., Holden, N. M., Connolly, J., Seaquist, J. W., & Ward, S. M. (2011). Detecting recent disturbance on Montane blanket bogs in the Wicklow Mountains, Ireland using the MODIS enhanced vegetation index. International journal of remote sensing, 32(9), 2377-2393.

Crowley, W., Smith, G. F., Mackin, F., Regan, S., Valverde, F. F., & Eakin, M. (2021). Recovery of the vegetation of a cutover raised bog in Ireland following rewetting measures. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 121(2), 95-121.

Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs. (n.d.). Peatlands. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/articles/peatlands

Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine. (2020, 28 February 2023). Areas of Natural Constraints. Retrieved 17 May from https://www.gov.ie/en/service/13d971-areas-of-natural-constraint-scheme/

Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. (2018). Best Practice Guidelines for Burning Management (Draft).

Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, & Bax and Company. (2022). Exploring the need for a European-wide collaboration to accelerate action for peatlands restoration, conservation, and sustainable management. European Peatlands Initiative. Exploratory Study Report September 2022. https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.gov.ie/237737/00783056-f87b-4ba6-b93b-6af143469f6f.pdf#page=null

Dunford, B. (2002). Farming and the Burren. Teagasc.

Environmental Protection Agency, & National Mapping Division of Tailte Éireann. (2023). National Land Cover Map. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.epa.ie/our-services/monitoring–assessment/assessment/mapping/national-land-cover-map/

Farm Carbon. (n.d.). Peatland Agriculture. Agricultural peatlands. Retrieved 24 June 2024 from https://farmcarbon.ie/peatland-agriculture/

FarmPEAT. (2022). The FarmPEAT Project. Peatland Scorecard. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://static1.squarespace.com/static/607073b4d7894d3154d94595/t/65e9ced4524a991f013469f9/1709821683122/Peatland+Assessment

FarmPEAT. (n.d.). Farm Payments for Ecology and Agricultural Transitions. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.farmpeat.ie/

Finnerty, E. J., Dunne, J., & McMahon, B. J. (2007). Evaluation of Red Grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) habitat in the Connemara National Park. Irish Birds, 8(2), 207-214.

Flynn, C., Griffin, C. T., Coll, J., & Williams, C. D. (2016). The diversity and composition of moth assemblages of protected and degraded raised bogs in Ireland. Insect conservation and diversity, 9(4), 302-319.

Flynn, R., Mackin, F., & Renou-Wilson, F. (2021). Towards the quantification of blanket bog ecosystem services to water (378). Environmental Protection Agency.

Foss, P. (2007). National Parks & Wildlife Service. Study of the Extent and Conservation Status of Springs, Fens and Flushes in Ireland 2007. Unpublished Report for the National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Ireland.

Fraser, M. D., Moorby, J. M., Vale, J. E., & Evans, D. M. (2014). Mixed grazing systems benefit both upland biodiversity and livestock production. PLoS One, 9(2), e89054.

Galappaththi, H. S. S. D., de Silva, W. A. P. P., & Mccormick, A. C. (2023). A mini-review on the impact of common gorse in its introduced ranges. Tropical Ecology, 64(1), 1-25.

Galvin, L. (1976). Physical properties of Irish peats. Irish Journal of Agricultural Research, 15(2), 207-221.

Geraghty, K. (2016). A Guide to Irish Fen Habitats. Irish Peatland Conservation Council.

Günther, A., Barthelmes, A., Huth, V., Joosten, H., Jurasinski, G., Koebsch, F., & Couwenberg, J. (2020). Prompt rewetting of drained peatlands reduces climate warming despite methane emissions. Nature communications, 11(1), 1644.

Hamilton, J., Cole, E., Pierce, S., & Conaghan, J. (2021). BSBI Ireland Annex I Grassland Resources. Species-rich Nardus grasslands (EU Habitats Directive Code 6230). In: BSBI, NPWS, CEDaR.

Hannigan, E., & Kelly-Quinn, M. (2012). Composition and structure of macroinvertebrate communities in contrasting open-water habitats in Irish peatlands: implications for biodiversity conservation. Hydrobiologia, 692, 19-28.

Harpenslager, S. F., van Den Elzen, E., Kox, M. A., Smolders, A. J., Ettwig, K. F., & Lamers, L. P. (2015). Rewetting former agricultural peatlands: Topsoil removal as a prerequisite to avoid strong nutrient and greenhouse gas emissions. Ecological engineering, 84, 159-168.

Hotson, J. W. (1918). Sphagnum as a surgical dressing. Science, 48(1235), 203-208.

Howson, T. R., Chapman, P. J., Holden, J., Shah, N., & Anderson, R. (2023). A comparison of peat properties in intact, afforested and restored raised and blanket bogs. Soil use and management, 39(1), 104-121.

Hudspith, V. A., Belcher, C. M., & Yearsley, J. M. (2014). Charring temperatures are driven by the fuel types burned in a peatland wildfire. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5, 116852.

Huhta, E., Helle, P., Nivala, V., & Nikula, A. (2017). The effect of human‐modified landscape structure on forest grouse broods in two landscape types. Ecosphere, 8(9), e01950.

International Peatland Society. (n.d.). Peat. What is peat? Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://peatlands.org/peat/peat/

International Union for Conservation of Nature. (2017). Issues Brief: Peatland and Climate Change. In: IUCN.

Irish Native Rare Breed Society. (2024). For All of Us. Help Protect Our Rare Breeds. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://inrbs.ie/

Irish Peatland Conservation Council. (2012). Five Steps that have the Potential to Restore Living Bogs in Ireland. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.ipcc.ie/five-steps-that-have-the-potential-to-restore-living-bogs-in-ireland/

Irish Peatland Conservation Council. (2018). IPCC’s conservation and education programme for Curlew on Lodge Bog. Retrieved 17 May from https://www.ipcc.ie/discover-and-learn/ipccs-peatland-nature-reserves/seacology-support-ipccs-conservation-and-education-programme-for-curlew-on-lodge-bog/

Irish Peatland Conservation Council. (n.d). Frogs. Retrieved 17 May from https://www.ipcc.ie/a-to-z-peatlands/frogs/

Irish Peatland Conservation Council. (n.d.). Action for Curlew. Retrieved 17 May 2024 from https://www.ipcc.ie/a-to-z-peatlands/action-for-curlew/

Irish Peatland Conservation Council. (n.d.). Blanket Bogs. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.ipcc.ie/a-to-z-peatlands/blanket-bogs/

Irish Peatland Conservation Council. (n.d.). Restoration of Burned Peatlands. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.ipcc.ie/advice/peatland-management-diy-tool-kit/restoration-of-burned-peatlands/

Irish Uplands Forum. (2023). Habitats. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://irishuplandsforum.org/the-uplands/

IrishCentral. (2019). How to make your own bog butter in Ireland. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.irishcentral.com/culture/craic/make-bog-butter

Keena, C. (12-13 March 2018). Farming the Uplands – Where to from here? Rural Futures Conference, Edinburgh, Scotland.

Koch, H., Woodward, J., Langat, M. K., Brown, M. J., & Stevenson, P. C. (2019). Flagellum removal by a nectar metabolite inhibits infectivity of a bumblebee parasite. Current Biology, 29(20), 3494-3500. e3495.

Kramm, N., Anderson, R. M., O’Rourke, E., Emmerson, M. C., O’Halloran, J., & Chisholm, N. (2010). Farming the Iveragh Uplands: A tale of humans and nature. University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

Kramm, N., O’Rourke, E., & Chisholm, N. (2008). Modelling the impact of land use decisions on agriculture, biodiversity and socio-economic development of the Irish upland commons. Proceedings of the International Association for the Study of Commons,(IASC), July 14-18.

Landry, J., & Rochefort, L. (2012). The drainage of peatlands: impacts and rewetting techniques (M. D. Graf, Trans.). Peatland Ecology Research Group.

Lewis, C., Albertson, J., Zi, T., Xu, X., & Kiely, G. (2013). How does afforestation affect the hydrology of a blanket peatland? A modelling study. Hydrological Processes, 27(25), 3577-3588.

Li, C., Grayson, R., Holden, J., & Li, P. (2018). Erosion in peatlands: Recent research progress and future directions. Earth-Science Reviews, 185, 870-886.

Mackin, F., Barr, A., Rath, P., Eakin, M., Ryan, J., Jeffrey, R., & Fernandez Valverde, F. (2017). Best practice in raised bog restoration in Ireland. Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 99. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland.

Mannion, E. (2023). New kids on the block help control wildfires at Howth Head. RTE News. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.rte.ie/news/2023/0515/1383302-kid-goats-howth/

Martin, P. A., Rocha, R., Smith, R. K., & Sutherland, W. J. (2017). Shrubland and heathland conservation: Global Evidence for the Effects of Interventions. Synopses of Conservation Evidence Series. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

McCracken, N. (2021). Lough Bradan: The peat bog helping to tackle climate change, BBC news. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-northern-ireland-59150138

Meyer-Lucht, Y., Mulder, K. P., James, M. C., McMahon, B. J., Buckley, K., Piertney, S. B., & Höglund, J. (2016). Adaptive and neutral genetic differentiation among Scottish and endangered Irish red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica). Conservation Genetics, 17, 615-630.

Midlands Ireland. (n.d.). A big week for Abbeyleix Bog. Retrieved 17 May from https://www.midlandsireland.ie/a-big-week-for-abbeyleix-bog/

Moran, P., & Wilson-Parr, R. (2015). Hen Harrier Special Protection Area (SPA) habitat mapping project 2014. Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 83. National Parks and Wildlife Service. Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland.

National Parks & Wildlife Service. (2023). Peatlands Community Engagement Scheme Funding 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2024 from https://www.npws.ie/peatlands-and-turf-cutting/peatlands-community-engagement-scheme-funding-2023

National Parks & Wildlife Service. (n.d.). Peatlands and Turf-cutting. Retrieved 17 May from https://www.npws.ie/peatlands-and-turf-cutting

National Parks & Wildlife Service. (n.d.). Protected Raised Bog Restoration Incentive Scheme (PRBRIS). Retrieved 17 May 2024 from https://www.npws.ie/peatlands-and-turf-cutting/protected-raised-bog-restoration-incentive-scheme-prbris

Natural England. (2008). Natural England Technical Information Note TIN048. Bracken management and control (1 ed.).

O’Connell, M. (2021). Post-glacial vegetation and landscape change in upland Ireland with particular reference to Mám Éan, Connemara. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 290, 104377.

O’Donoghue, B. G. (2019). Curlew Conservation Programme Annual Report 2018. National Parks & Wildlife Service, Killarney.

O’Donoghue, B. G. (2020). Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus ecology and conservation during the non-breeding season in Ireland. Bird Study, 67(3), 344-359.

O’Donoghue, B. G. (2022). Pioneering Precision Livestock Management (Virtual Fencing) in Ireland. A review of a 3-year pilot with focus on the environment, the livestock and the farmers. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 140. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, Ireland.

O’Rourke, E., Kramm, N., & Chisholm, N. (2012). The influence of farming styles on the management of the Iveragh uplands, southwest Ireland. Land Use Policy, 29(4), 805-816.

Pardini, A., Natali, F., & Tallarico, R. (2007). Horse grazing in firebreaks sown with Trifolium brachycalycinum (Katznl. & Morley) and Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Agroforestry Systems, 70, 17-24.

Parry-Jones, A. (2020). Why you should be using native ponies for conservation grazing. Wildlife and Countryside Link. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.wcl.org.uk/why-you-should-be-using-native-ponies-for-conservation-grazing.asp

Peatlands and People. (n.d.). Peatlands and the Project Explained. How do peatlands store carbon? Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://peatlandsandpeople.ie/knowledge-base/how-do-peatlands-store-carbon/

Perrin, P. M., Barron, S. J., Roche, J. R., & O’Hanrahan, B. (2014). Guidelines for a national survey and conservation assessment of upland vegetation and habitats in Ireland. Version 2.0. Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 79. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Dublin, Ireland.

Pilkington, M., Walker, J., Fry, C., Eades, P., Meade, R., Pollett, N., Rogers, T., Helliwell, T., Chandler, D., & Fawcett, E. (2021). Diversification of Molinia‐dominated blanket bogs using Sphagnum propagules. Ecological Solutions and Evidence, 2(4), e12113.

Ramchunder, S., Brown, L., & Holden, J. (2009). Environmental effects of drainage, drain-blocking and prescribed vegetation burning in UK upland peatlands. Progress in Physical Geography, 33(1), 49-79.

Reid, N., Dingerkus, K., Montgomery, W., Marnell, F., Jeffrey, R., Lynn, D., Kingston, N., & McDonald, R. (2007). Status of hares in Ireland. Hare Survey of Ireland 2006/07. Irish wildlife manuals No. 30. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.

Reid, N., Kelly, R., & Montgomery, W. I. (2023). Impact of wildfires on ecosystems and bird communities on designated areas of blanket bog and heath. Bird Study, 70(3), 113-126.

Renou-Wilson, F., Moser, G., Fallon, D., Farrell, C. A., Müller, C., & Wilson, D. (2019). Rewetting degraded peatlands for climate and biodiversity benefits: Results from two raised bogs. Ecological engineering, 127, 547-560.

Ruddock, M., Mee, A., Lusby, J., Nagle, A., O’Neill, S. & O’Toole, L. (2016). The 2015 National Survey of Breeding Hen Harrier in Ireland. Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 93. National Parks and Wildlife Service. Department of the Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland.

Rushe, B., & Irish Farmers Association. (2021). Bog Rewetting Information. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.ifa.ie/rewetting-bogs-a-farmer-discussion/

Sansom, A. (1999). Upland vegetation management: the impacts of overstocking. Water Science and Technology, 39(12), 85-92.

Scallan, D. (2016). Ballydangan Bog Red Grouse Project. Management Plan 2016- 2020.

Scottish Goverment. (2005). Prevention of environmental pollution from agricultural activity: guidance. Section 8: sheep dip. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.gov.scot/publications/prevention-environmental-pollution-agricultural-activity-guidance/pages/8/

Sloan, T., Payne, R. J., Bain, C., Chapman, S., Cowie, N., Gilbert, P., Lindsay, R., Mauquoy, D., Newton, A., & Andersen, R. (2018). Peatland afforestation in the UK and consequences for carbon storage. Mires and Peat, 23, 1-17.

Stachowicz, M., Manton, M., Abramchuk, M., Banaszuk, P., Jarašius, L., Kamocki, A., Povilaitis, A., Samerkhanova, A., Schäfer, A., & Sendžikaitė, J. (2022). To store or to drain—To lose or to gain? Rewetting drained peatlands as a measure for increasing water storage in the transboundary Neman River Basin. Science of the Total Environment, 829, 154560.

Stewart, G. B., Coles, C.F., Pullin, A.S. (2004). Does burning degrade blanket bog? (Systematic Review No. 1). Collaboration for Environmental Evidence.

Taylor, N. G., Grillas, P., & Sutherland, W. J. (2018). Peatland Conservation: Global evidence for the effects of interventions to conserve peatland vegetation. Synopses of Conservation Evidence Series. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Teagasc. (2021). Best practice on spent sheep dip and footbath solutions. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.teagasc.ie/news–events/daily/sheep/best-practice-on-spent-sheep-dip-and-footbath-solutions.php

Teagasc. (2022). Teagasc response to a call for a complete ban on burning in the uplands. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.teagasc.ie/news–events/daily/environment/teagasc-response-to-a-call-for-a-complete-ban-on-burning-in-the-uplands.php

Tosh, D., Towers, R., Preston, J., Portig, A., McDonald, R., & Montgomery, I. (2005). Northern Ireland Irish Hare Survey 2004. Quercus.

UN environment programme. (2019). Peatlands store twice as much carbon as all the world’s forests. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/peatlands-store-twice-much-carbon-all-worlds-forests

Van Rensburg, T. M., & Mulugeta, E. (2016). Profit efficiency and habitat biodiversity: The case of upland livestock farmers in Ireland. Land Use Policy, 54, 200-211.

Varley, P. (2015). Taking control of bracken ferns in grassland. Irish Farmers Journal. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.farmersjournal.ie/sheep/grass-and-feeding/taking-control-of-bracken-ferns-in-grassland-185675

Wild Atlantic Nature Life. (2024). LIFE IP Wild Atlantic Nature. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.wildatlanticnature.ie/

Williams, B., Parr, S., Moran, J., Dunford, B., & Conchúir, R. Ó. (2009). The Burren—Farming for the future of the fertile rock. British Wildlife, 21(1), 1.

Williams, C. D., & Gormally, M. J. (2010). The effects of blanket bog management on ground beetles (Carabidae) with particular reference to the threatened Carabus clatratus L. Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 47. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government.

Wilson, D., Mackin, F., Tuovinen, J. P., Moser, G., Farrell, C., & Renou‐Wilson, F. (2022). Carbon and climate implications of rewetting a raised bog in Ireland. Global change biology, 28(21), 6349-6365.

Wilson, M. W., Irwin, S., Norriss, D. W., Newton, S. F., Collins, K., Kelly, T. C., & O’Halloran, J. (2009). The importance of pre‐thicket conifer plantations for nesting Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus in Ireland. Ibis, 151(2), 332-343.

Woodland Trust. (n.d.). Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/trees-woods-and-wildlife/plants/ferns/bracken/

Worrall, F., Clay, G., Marrs, R., & Reed, M. (2010). Impacts of burning management on peatlands. Scientific review. IUCN Peatland Programme, 202011.

Chapter 10: Gardens and growers

Barry, C., & Hodge, S. (2023). You Reap What You Sow: A Botanical and Economic Assessment of Wildflower Seed Mixes Available in Ireland. Conservation, 3(1), 73-86.

Bord Bia Irish Food Board. (2017). Bord Bia survey shows 1.3 million of us love to garden! Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.bordbia.ie/industry/news/press-releases/bord-bia-survey-shows-1.3-million-of-us-love-to-garden/

Burke, B. (2021). Irish Garden Bird Survey Results- Winter 2020/2021. BirdWatch Ireland. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://birdwatchireland.ie/publications/irish-garden-bird-survey-results-winter-2020-21/

Burns, K. L., & Stanley, D. A. (2022). The importance and value of insect pollination to apples: a regional case study of key cultivars. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 331, 107911.

Campbell, B. (2012). Open-pollinated seed exchange: renewed Ozark tradition as agricultural biodiversity conservation. Journal of sustainable agriculture, 36(5), 500-522.

Comba, L., Corbet, S. A., Hunt, L., & Warren, B. (1999). Flowers, nectar and insect visits: evaluating British plant species for pollinator-friendly gardens. Annals of Botany, 83(4), 369-383.

Davies, Z. G., Fuller, R. A., Loram, A., Irvine, K. N., Sims, V., & Gaston, K. J. (2009). A national scale inventory of resource provision for biodiversity within domestic gardens. Biological Conservation, 142(4), 761-771.

Dingerkus, S. K., Stone, R. E., Wilkinson, J. W., Marnell, F., & Reid, N. (2010). Developing a methodology for the National Frog Survey of Ireland: a pilot study in Co. Mayo. The Irish Naturalists’ Journal, 85-90.

Doyle, S., Reilly, M., De Waal, T., & McMahon, B. J. (2022). Confirmation of avian trichomonosis among wild birds in Ireland. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 68(1), 10.

Genter, C., Roberts, A., Richardson, J., & Sheaff, M. (2015). The contribution of allotment gardening to health and wellbeing: A systematic review of the literature. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 78(10), 593-605.

Githinji, L. (2015). Companion Planting in gardening. Virginia State University. Sustainable and Urban Agriculture Series. Virginia State University Bulletin, 1-6.

Hicks, D. M., Ouvrard, P., Baldock, K. C., Baude, M., Goddard, M. A., Kunin, W. E., Mitschunas, N., Memmott, J., Morse, H., Nikolitsi, M., Osgathorpe, L. M., Potts, S. G., Robertson, K. M., Scott, A. V., Sinclair, F., Westbury, D. B., & Stone, G. N. (2016). Food for pollinators: quantifying the nectar and pollen resources of urban flower meadows. PLoS One, 11(6), e0158117.

Korean Natural Farm Dairy. (n.d.). Home: Welcome to Korean Natural Farm Dairy. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://www.knfdairy.com/

National Biodiversity Data Centre. (2021). Pledge your Garden for pollinators. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://pollinators.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Pledge-your-Garden-for-Pollinators_WEB.pdf

National Biodiversity Data Centre. (2022). Top Ten pollinator-friendly plants for different situations. All-Ireland Pollinator Plan, How-to Guide 10 (Series No. 29).

Ortiz, P. (2024). Do Ladybugs Eat Aphids? Tips, Alternatives, & FAQ. HouseGrail. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://housegrail.com/do-ladybugs-eat-aphids/

Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB). (n.d.). Build a dead hedge for wildlife. Retrieved 22 June 2024 from https://www.rspb.org.uk/helping-nature/what-you-can-do/activities/build-a-dead-hedge-for-wildlife

Shackleton, K., & Ratnieks, F. L. (2016). Garden varieties: How attractive are recommended garden plants to butterflies? Journal of Insect Conservation, 20, 141-148.

Smith, R. K., & Sutherland, W. J. (2014). Amphibian conservation: global evidence for the effects of interventions. Synopses of Conservation Evidence,Volume 4. Pelagic Publishing, Exeter, UK.

Tree, I., & Burrell, C. (2023). The Book of Wilding: A Practical Guide to Rewilding, Big and Small. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Van Den Berg, A. E., & Custers, M. H. (2011). Gardening promotes neuroendocrine and affective restoration from stress. Journal of health psychology, 16(1), 3-11.

Vickery, M. (2007). Gardens as an aid to the conservation of some butterfly species. Science Progress, 90(4), 223-244.

Williams, D. R., Pople, R. G., Showler, D. A., Dicks, L. V., Child, M. F., Ermgassen, E. K. H. J. z., & Sutherland, W. J. (2012). Bird Conservation: Global evidence for the effects of interventions. Synopses of Conservation Evidence, Volume 2. Pelagic Publishing, Exeter, UK.

Chapter 11: Farmyards and buildings

Alhmedi, A., Haubruge, E., Bodson, B., & Francis, F. (2007). Aphidophagous guilds on nettle (Urtica dioica) strips close to fields of green pea, rape and wheat. Insect Science, 14(5), 419-424.

Ambrosini, R., Bolzern, A. M., Canova, L., Arieni, S., Møller, A. P., & Saino, N. (2002). The distribution and colony size of barn swallows in relation to agricultural land use. Journal of Applied Ecology, 39(3), 524-534.

Berthinussen, A., Richardson, O. C., & Altringham, J. D. (2021). Bat Conservation: Global Evidence for the Effects of Interventions. Conservation Evidence Series Synopses. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Coombes, M. A., Viles, H. A., & Zhang, H. (2018). Thermal blanketing by ivy (Hedera helix L.) can protect building stone from damaging frosts. Scientific reports, 8(1), 9834.

Copland, A., & O’Halloran, J. (2010). Agri-environment impacts and opportunities for summer bird communities on lowland Irish farmland. Agri-environment Schemes – What have they achieved and where do we go from here? Oadby, UK, 27-29 April.

Jacobs, J. H., Clark, S. J., Denholm, I., Goulson, D., Stoate, C., & Osborne, J. L. (2010). Pollinator effectiveness and fruit set in common ivy, Hedera helix (Araliaceae). Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 4, 19-28.

Lusby, J., & McCarthy, A. (2022). Guidance Document for the Barn Owl Nest Box Action. In: BirdWatch Ireland.

Lusby, J., & O’Clery, M. (2014). Barn Owls in Ireland. Information on the ecology of Barn Owls and their conservation in Ireland. In: BirdWatch Ireland.

McAney, K., & Hanniffy, R. (2015). The Vincent Wildlife Trust’s Irish Bat Box Schemes. The Vincent Wildlife Trust, Galway, Ireland.

Poulton, S. M. (2006). An Analysis of the Usage of Bat Boxes in England, Wales and Ireland. The Vincent Wildlife Trust.

Robinson, R. A., Crick, H. Q., & Peach, W. J. (2003). Population trends of Swallows Hirundo rustica breeding in Britain. Bird Study, 50(1), 1-7.

Smart Farming. (2021). 6: Inputs and Waste. A Guide to Help Improve Farm Returns with Better Resource Management. Smart Farming. Retrieved 30 May 2024 from https://smartfarming.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Inputs-Waste-March-2021.pdf

Smart Farming. (2021). Energy Guidance 2021: Here are some tips that can help reduce your energy bill. Smart Farming. Retrieved 30 May 2024 from https://smartfarming.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/IFA-SmartFarming-Energy-A4-B-Feb21-v2Web.pdf

Smart Farming. (2023). Waste Guidance 2023. Smart Farming. Retrieved 30 May 2024 from https://www.ifa.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IFA-SmartFarming-Waste-A4-Mar23-v6Digital.pdf

Smiddy, P., & O’Halloran, J. (2010). Breeding biology of barn swallows Hirundo rustica in counties Cork and Waterford, Ireland. Bird Study, 57(2), 256-260.

Wright, P. G., Kitching, T., Hanniffy, R., Palacios, M. B., McAney, K., & Schofield, H. (2022). Effect of roost management on populations trends of Rhinolophus hipposideros and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum in Britain and Ireland. Conservation Evidence Journal, 19, 21-26.

Chapter 12: Managing invasive, colonising and ‘noxious’ plants

Anderson, R. (2003). Open ground in upland forests: a review of its potential as wildlife habitat and appropriate management methods. Report by Forest Research.

Bruun-Nielsen, M. (2021). Native Reforestation: The Importance of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi for the Restoration of Native Irish Tree Species [(Mod) Thesis, Trinity College Dublin]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352792855_Native_Reforestation_The_Importance_of_Ectomycorrhizal_Fungi_for_the_Restoration_of_Native_Irish_Tree_Species

Butterfly Conservation Wales. (n.d.). Bracken for Butterflies.

Collins, L. M., Warnock, N. D., Tosh, D. G., McInnes, C., Everest, D., Montgomery, W. I., Scantlebury, M., Marks, N., Dick, J. T., & Reid, N. (2014). Squirrelpox virus: assessing prevalence, transmission and environmental degradation. PLoS One, 9(2), e89521.

Crafts of Ireland. (2024). Roscommon Sheep. Retrieved 22 May 2024 from https://craftsofireland.ie/roscommon-sheep/

Freiberg, R. (2023). Call for conservation centre to protect native Irish breeds. Agriland. Retrieved 22 May 2024 from https://www.agriland.ie/farming-news/call-for-conservation-centre-to-protect-native-irish-breeds/

Gordon, I. J., Pérez-Barbería, F. J., & Manning, A. D. (2021). Rewilding lite: Using traditional domestic livestock to achieve rewilding outcomes. Sustainability, 13(6), 3347.

Hickey, B., & Osborne, B. (1998). Effect of Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirbel on semi-natural grassland habitats in the west of Ireland. 4th International Conference on the Ecology of Invasive Alien Plants, Berlin, Germany.

Invasive Species Northern Ireland. (n.d.). Clematis vitalba. Overview. Retrieved 22 May 2024 from https://invasivespeciesireland.com/species-accounts/established/terrestrial/clematis-vitalba

Irish Native Rare Breed Society. (2024). Conservation Grazing. Retrieved 22 May 2024 from https://inrbs.ie/conservation-grazing/

Irish Rare Breeds Society. (2024). About. Our Mission. Retrieved 22 May 2024 from https://irbs.ie/about/

Kiernan, A. (2021). Freshwater Pearl Mussels are a Keystone Species in Our Rivers. Irish Examiner. Retrieved 22 May 2024 from https://www.irishexaminer.com/farming/arid-40370960.html

KNEPP. (2024). Free-Roaming Heribivores. Retrieved 22 May 2024 from https://knepp.co.uk/rewilding/free-roaming-herbivores/

McDevitt, A. D., Edwards, C. J., O’Toole, P., O’Sullivan, P., O’Reilly, C., & Carden, R. F. (2009). Genetic structure of, and hybridisation between, red (Cervus elaphus) and sika (Cervus nippon) deer in Ireland. Mammalian Biology, 74(4), 263-273.

National Parks & Wildlife Service. (n.d.). White-clawed Crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes. Retrieved 22 May 2024 from https://www.npws.ie/research-projects/animal-species/invertebrates/white-clawed-crayfish-austropotamobius-pallipes

National Rural Network. (2019). Ireland’s Rare Breeds. Retrieved 22 May 2024 from https://nationalruralnetwork.ie/biodiversity/biodiversity-case-studies/irelands-rare-breeds/

Northern Ireland Environment Agency. (n.d.). Management Measures for Widely Spread Species (WSS) in Northern Ireland Chilean Rhubarb (Gunnera tinctoria). As per Article 19 requirement of EU Regulation 1143/2014 on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species.

O’Connor, A. (2013). FOCUS On Rushes – ‘Don’t do a rush job on Rushes’. Rushes – unwelcome visitors to our pastures that are hard to shift. Teagasc. Retrieved 22 May 2024 from https://www.teagasc.ie/media/website/publications/2013/Focus_on_Rushes.pdf

O’Connor, A. (2016). Be a Winner Alright when Controlling Rushes. Teagasc. Retrieved 17 May 2024 from https://www.teagasc.ie/media/website/publications/2016/Control-of-Rushes-22072016.pdf

Osborne, B., Fennell, M., & Armstrong, C. (2011). The riddle of Gunnera tinctoria invasions: a particularly Irish enigma. 3rd International Symposium on Weeds and Invasive Plants, October 2-7, in Ascona, Switzerland

Reynolds, J., Souty-Grosset, C., & Richardson, A. (2013). Ecological roles of crayfish in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. Freshwater Crayfish, 19(2), 197-218.

Stokes, K., O’Neill, K., & McDonald, R. (2004). Invasive Species in Ireland. Unpublished report to Environment & Heritage Service and National Parks & Wildlife Service. Quercus.

Stokes, K., O’Neill, K., Montgomery, W. I., Dick, J., Maggs, C., & McDonald, R. (2006). The importance of stakeholder engagement in invasive species management: a cross-jurisdictional perspective in Ireland. Biodiversity & Conservation, 15, 2829-2852.

Thrupp, L. A. (2000). Linking agricultural biodiversity and food security: the valuable role of agrobiodiversity for sustainable agriculture. International affairs, 76(2), 265-281.

Torchin, M. E., Lafferty, K. D., Dobson, A. P., McKenzie, V. J., & Kuris, A. M. (2003). Introduced species and their missing parasites. Nature, 421(6923), 628-630.

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